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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(2): 138-148, abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388351

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las parasitosis son un problema de salud pública mundial por su alta prevalencia en países en vías de desarrollo, su persistencia en países desarrollados debido principalmente por la migración de personas, y por su morbi-mortalidad asociada. OBJETIVO: Determinar las defunciones causadas por parasitosis endémicas e importadas en Chile, según región, sexo, grupo etario, procedencia urbana/rural y nivel educacional, y estimar tasas de mortalidad. MÉTODO: Estudio de base poblacional y serie de tiempo de mortalidad (1997 a 2020). Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados mediante programas Excel y R Studio, cálculo de χ2, valor p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: 2.413 muertes fueron causadas por parásitos, 65,1% por protozoos, 33% por helmintos y 1,9% por artrópodos. La tasa promedio de mortalidad nacional fue de 0,6 por cada 100 mil habitantes. Las principales causas de fallecimiento fueron: enfermedad de Chagas (63,6%), hidatidosis (24,3%) y cisticercosis (8,1%). La mayoría de los fallecidos pertenecía a la Región de Coquimbo. La edad promedio de defunción fue de 74, 62 y 67 años para muertes por protozoos, helmintos y artrópodos, respectivamente. Las defunciones ocurrieron mayormente en hombres. La mayoría provenía de zona urbana y poseían un nivel educacional bajo. CONCLUSIONES: La enfermedad de Chagas es la principal causa de muerte por parasitosis en Chile.


BACKGROUND: Parasites are a public health problem due to their high prevalence in developing countries, their persistence in developed countries mainly due to the migration of people, and their associated morbidity and mortality. AIM: To determine the deaths in Chile caused by endemic and imported parasites; according to region, sex, age group, urban-rural origin and educational level, and mortality rates. METHOD: Population-based study, times series of mortality (1997 to 2020). Statistical analysis was performed using Excel and R Studio programs, calculation of χ2, p value < 0.05. RESULTS: 2,413 deaths occurred due to parasites, 65.1% by protozoa, 33% by helminths and 1.9% by arthropods. The average national mortality rate was 0.6 per 100.000 inhabitants. The main causes of death were Chagas disease (63.6%), hydatidosis (24.3%) and cysticercosis (8.1%). Most of the deceased belonged to the Coquimbo Region. The mean age of death was 74, 62 and 67 years old for deaths from protozoa, helminths and arthropods, respectively. Deaths occurred mostly in men. Most came from urban areas and had a low educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Chagas disease is the main cause of death from parasites in Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Disease , Echinococcosis/epidemiology , Rural Population , Chile/epidemiology , Educational Status
2.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 57(3/4): 158-160, jul.-dic. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-342260

ABSTRACT

We report a 51 years old, woman, who live in a rural zone of Llolleo, San Antonio, V Región of Chile. Her dewelling is near a wheat ground sown. In november 1999 during the cleaning of her house she felt a "bug" in her head, but did not find it. She started immediatly with itching, hypoesthesia of arms and legs, dispnea, thoracic pain, vomiting, 40§C fever, myalgias in right arm, thorax, and hypogastric zone, trembling, plantiful sweating, and rapidly lost consciousness. She recovered consciousness 1 hour later and asked for help. A neighbour saw and captured a spider going out of her clothes. She was taken to the emergency room, where she received sera and oxigen, and was discharged two days later with a prescription of antihistaminics, glucosteroids, a muscle relaxing agend and diuretics. During six months se was controled in the out patient clinic of the hospital. The spider was identified by entomologist as Latrodectus mactans. In june 2002 when she was sleeping, felt a wounding lancet pain in the middle finger of the right hand. Afterwards a black plate with yellow vesicles in his center appeared in that same zone. The right arm become edematous and paresthetic; the patient complained of an important asthenia. She was hospitalized receiving intravenous steroids. In this ocassion the patients couldnït keep the spider, but when she describes it to the entomologist of the National Science and Arqueological Museum of San Antonio, the specimen was identified as an exemplar of Loxosceles laeta . Latrodectism is usually a day out door accident, during agricultural activities. Loxoscelism is in general a night in door accident. In this excepcional case the patient lives near a wheat ground sown and the absence of routinary cleaning of her dewelling, could explain both accidents. We couldïnt find publications of accidents of both spiders affecting the same person. For this reason we consider important to comunicate this case


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Spider Bites , Histamine H1 Antagonists , Spider Bites
3.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 57(1/2): 55-58, ene.-jun. 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-317517

ABSTRACT

Mujer de 39 años procedente de la provincia de Talca (VII Región) que presentó un cuadro de dolor abdominal intenso que se interpretó como abdomen agudo por el cual se le hizo laparotomía exploradora que no fue concluyente. Después de diferentes procedimientos y exámenes se llegó al diagnóstico de fascioliasis aguda. Se trató con triclabendazol


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis , Anthelmintics/pharmacology , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(4): 363-367, abr. 2002. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-314917

ABSTRACT

Background: Cellular immune mechanisms of the resistance to infection by T cruzi as well as the pathogenesis of Chagas disease are still controversial. Aim: To quantify and analyse the peripheral blood immune cells from chagasic and non chagasic patients by flow cytometry. Patients and methods: Peripheral blood samples were taken from 21 individuals seropositive for Chagas disease, under no specific treatment. Control samples from 21 healthy blood donors were also obtained. To quantify immune cells populations by flow cytometry, antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16/56, CD45/14, CD19 and HLA-DR markers were used. Results: The percentage of CD8+ cells was low and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was high in chagasic patients, compared to their non infected counterparts. No statistically significant differences in the number of CD4+, NK, B, CD4+HLADR+ and CD8+HLADR+ cells, were observed within the two groups. Conclusions: These results show that Chilean chronic chagasic patients have lower percentage of CD8+ cells and higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than non infected individuals


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease , Immunophenotyping/methods , Trypanosoma cruzi , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Case-Control Studies , Lymphocyte Count , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes , Flow Cytometry/methods
5.
Arch. chil. oftalmol ; 59(1): 39-43, 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-362737

ABSTRACT

Las oftalmomiasis externas son producidas por larvas biontófagas, es decir, que requieren huéspedes vivos para su desarrollo, corresponden a las miasis primarias u obligatorias. Oestrus ovis es la responsable de la mayoría de la miasis conjuntivales. Oestrus ovis es una mosca de distribución universal. La mosca adulta que es vivípara coloca las larvas en las fosas nasales de ovejas y cabras de donde migran a las cavidades sinusales. Ahí se alimentan y crecen, en la primavera migrando a las fosas nasales desde donde caen al suelo. Posteriormente se desarrollan las pulpas y al cabo de 3 a 6 semanas emergen los ejemplares adultos. Mientras ovejas y cabras son los huéspedes naturales de las larvas de oestrus ovis el hombre es un huésped accidental y las larvas se desarrollan en el suelo hasta el primer estadio. Dos pacientes de 22 y 33 años después de haber permanecido en áreas rurales presentaron la sensación de cuerpo extraño, ardor, dolor ocular, fotofobia, edema palpebral, congestión y secreción conjuntival que fueron identificadas como larvas de Oestrus ovis. La oftalmomiasis externa es una miasis importante que debe ser considerada en pacientes de zonas rurales especialmente donde existe crianza de ovejas y cabras


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Eye , Eye Infections, Parasitic , Myiasis , Rural Areas
6.
Bol. chil. parasitol ; 57(3/4): 66-72, jul. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-321450

ABSTRACT

Two cases of fascioliasis which simulated tumors are presented: Patient 1. (42-years-old woman), presented pain in the epigastric and right hypochondrium US. CAT and MNR suggested a cholangiocarcinoma. She was operated on by practicing hepatic segmentectomy, cholecystectomy and closign of a cholecystogastric fistula. The extirpated hepatic segment presented a tumoral aspect, but its histopathological study revealed numerous granulomas, some of them with F. hepatica eggs and others with Charcot-Leyden crystals. ELISA and complement fixation reaction for fascioliasis resulted positive. Search of F. hepatica eggs in stools was negative. The patient was treated with triclabendazole. Patient 2. (58-years-old woman) also presented pains in the upper hemiabdomen. Hypereosinophilia (32 percent). Abdominal CAT showed multiple hipodense irregular zones suggesting infiltrative processes in the liver right lobe. The hepatic biopsy, under CAT, eventhough lead to think in a hamartoma, a diagnosis of chronic cholangitis compatible with a parasitic etiology raised. ELISA and complement fixation reaction for fascioliasis were positive. Copropasitological exams for F. hepatica resulted negative. She was successfully treated with triclabendazole. Hepatic fascioliasis simulates numerous diseases, among them hepatic tumors


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis , Liver Neoplasms , Biopsy , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis , Feces , Liver/pathology , Parasite Egg Count
7.
Rev. chil. cir ; 53(5): 490-492, oct. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310320

ABSTRACT

La lengua es una rara localización de la hidatidosis. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 3 años con enfermedad hidatídica de la lengua demostrada histológicamente. El quiste de la lengua fue extirpado quirúrgicamente. La paciente tenía además hidatidosis hepática y pulmonar que fueron tratadas exitosamente con Albendazol


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Echinococcosis , Tongue , Tongue Diseases , Albendazole , Echinococcosis , Echinococcosis, Pulmonary , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/etiology , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/drug therapy , Tongue Diseases
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 129(7): 786-788, jul. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300045

ABSTRACT

Myasis is the parasitism of organs and tissues of warm-blooded vertebrates by flies larvae. D hominis is a flie geographically restricted to tropical America from Mexico to northern Argentina. The adult flie, which is not hematophagous, needs to put its eggs on the abdominal surface of hematophagous arthropods which serve as carriers of future larvae which are deposited on the skin of the hosts (mammals, birds and accidentally men) when biting. Seven patients (two females) aged 7 to 35 years old, of different nationalities, recalled receiving mosquito bites, after staying in tropical American areas in the previous forty days. They presented furuncle-like lesions in exposed surfaces of the body. These lesions, 2-3 cm long, pruritic and mildly tender, broke and released a serous or serohematic fluid. Through the resulting opening, it was possible to partially observe the larva. Larvae were extracted by manual pressure (4) or surgical incision (3) and identified as D hominis larvae. Diagnosis of dermatobiasis, an imported myasis, must be based on the characteristics of lesions and the previous residence in endemic areas of America


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Myiasis , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Diptera/pathogenicity , Tropical Zone , Insect Bites and Stings , Insect Vectors , Larva , Culicidae , Myiasis , Diptera/growth & development
9.
Parasitol. día ; 25(1/2): 50-54, ene.-jun. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-300177

ABSTRACT

La revisión de fichas clínicas del año 1999 en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, permitió pesquisar 40 casos con diagnóstico principal al egreso de megacolon, fecaloma, obstrucción intestinal o acalasia. En un solo caso de megacolon pesquisado ese año, se confirmó la etiología chagásica mediante serología convencional anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. La baja incidencia en esta casuística es debida a que este servicio hospitalario es una zona de baja endemia chagástica, a falencias en los registros y a la falta de sospecha clínica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Chagas Disease , Megacolon , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Megacolon , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Patient Discharge , Retrospective Studies , Trypanosoma cruzi
11.
Parasitol. día ; 24(1/2): 3-11, ene.-jun. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-269423

ABSTRACT

In a series of conferences about outstanding professors of medicine organized by the Faculty of Medicine of University of Chile, Dr. Werner Apt, as one of his many followers, pays homage to professor Dr. Amador Neghme, describing his academic and vast production as well as the special and brilliant aspects of his personality


Subject(s)
Parasitology
12.
Parasitol. día ; 24(1/2): 46-8, ene.-jun. 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-269429

ABSTRACT

Patient of 25 years with jaundice, fever and pain in the upper right zone of the abdomen. The sonography and computer tomography reveled images compatible with cyst hydatide disease. IgG ELISA for hydatidosis was positive. In the operation a 15 cm hydatide cyst of the liver comunicated to the biliary tree and multiple peritoneal cyst were found. The patient scape at 36 days of hospitalization


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Animals , Dogs , Echinococcus/pathogenicity , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/etiology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Cystectomy , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/transmission , Echinococcosis , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/surgery , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/diagnosis , Jaundice/etiology , Zoonoses/etiology
13.
Parasitol. día ; 23(3/4): 100-12, jul.-dic. 1999. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258103

ABSTRACT

En la actualidad se acepta que la enfermedad de Chagas humana debe ser tratada en cualquier período de su evolución con la única excepción del período crónico terminal. En el período agudo clínico, infección de menos de 2 meses así como en el biológico: pesquisa de parásitos al fresco, frotis, gota gruesa y con serología convencional positiva e IgM(+). El ideal de tratamiento es con nifurtimox (NF) 8-10 mg/kg día en adultos y 15 mg/kg día en niños por 60-90 días. La dosis se reparte en tres tomas. La curación clínica y serológica es de un 60 por ciento. En Brasil donde se utiliza este fármaco se trata con benznidazol (BNZ) 5 mg/kg día (adultos) y 5-10 mg/kg día en niños por 60 días. En las infecciones congénitas la terapia debe ser precoz en cuanto se realice el diagnóstico por clínica y pesquisa del parásito al fresco, frotis, microstraut etc. Muchas veces el diagnóstico se efectúa por persistenica de la serología por más de 6 meses y el recién nacido ya esta en etapa crónica de la infección. Es necesario efectuar seguimiento clínico serológico y parasitológico de los casos. Las infecciones accidentales deben ser tratadas por 10 días. En los trasplantes de órganos en que el receptor o dador es chagásico se debe indicar terapia con NF o BNZ a igual dosis y tiempo que la señalada anteriormente. Las reactivaciones en los casos crónicos ejem: que adquieren un SIDA o que presentan depresiones del sistema inmunidad celular como leucemias, Hodgkin, etc se deben tratar como cuadros agudos con NF ó NBZ por períodos prolongados de 5 ó más meses. En estos casos obviamente la prevención es lo ideal: hacer serología para Chagas a los pacientes con SIDA, etc


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Acute Disease , Allopurinol/administration & dosage , Chagas Disease/congenital , Chagas Disease/transmission , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Electron Transport , Ergosterol/chemical synthesis , Itraconazole/administration & dosage , Nifurtimox/administration & dosage , Nifurtimox/adverse effects , Purines/metabolism
14.
Parasitol. día ; 23(1/2): 47, ene.-jun. 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-253209

Subject(s)
Parasitology , Chile
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(3): 265-70, mar. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210573

ABSTRACT

Background: Chagas disease is endemic in Chile. Allopurinol and itraconazole have activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and are recommended for the treatment of chronic disease in adults. Aim: To evaluate the chemotherapeutic effects of allopurinol and itraconazole using conventional and non conventional serologic test. Patients and methods: Sera of 90 patients with chonic Chagas disease were studied before and after 9 to 11 months of treatment with allopurinol or itraconazole and after two month of treatment with placebo. Indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and Western Blot analysis were the conventional serologic tests used and antibody dependent complement mediated lysis (CoML) the non conventional test. Results: There were no differences in ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence tests before and after therapy. Antigenic recognition profiles by Western Blot showed qualitative and quantitative differences in a small number of cases. CoML showed that the greater negativity was achieved in the Chagasic group treated with allopurinol or itraconazole that had a negative xenodiagnosis before drugs treatment (35.8 and 61.6 percent, respectively). Conclusions: There is a reversion of lytic activity in sera of patients with negative xenodiagnosis before treatment, suggesting the parasitemia could be an important parameter to be considered in the chemotherapy of Chagas disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Allopurinol , Chagas Disease/drug therapy , Itraconazole , In Vitro Techniques , Serologic Tests/methods , Placebos , Blotting, Western , Chagas Disease/blood , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Skin Tests/methods
16.
Parasitol. día ; 21(1/2): 7-13, ene.-jun. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-202482

ABSTRACT

A 30 casos presuntivamente portadores de hidatidosis, diagnosticados en 165 localidades rurales de Cauquenes y Linares, VII Región, Chile por seropositividad a las reacciones de Dot-ELISA, ELISA y RHAI, y a 53 controles seronegativos elegidos de las mismas localidades por edad y sexo, se les aplicó estudio comparativo de variables demográficas y socioculturales para conocer el perfil con que estas características diferenciaban a ambos grupos. Se estudió: parentesco, escolaridad, función ejercida en el núcleo familiar; recepción de información por radio o TV; hábitos de ingesta de verduras crudas, calidad de agua de bebida; posesión de perros, actividad de éstos y resultados del diagnóstico para equinococosis; prácticas de matanza de animales para el autoconsumo, conducta con las vísceras infectadas y conocimientos relacionados con mecanismos de infección del perro, del hombre y sobre las medidas de prevención de hidatidosis.Las diferencias más resaltantes, por su clara significación estadística, fueron el analfabetismo (13,3 por ciento en el grupo de casos y 1,9 por ciento en el de controles), escolaridad básica (56,7 por ciento y 81,1 por ciento respectivamente) y la posesión de perros infectados con E. granulosus (46,7 por ciento versus 20,8 por ciento). A la inversa, la práctica de alimentar perros con vísceras infectadas con quistes hidatídicos resultó mayor en el grupo de controles (85,1 por ciento) que en el de los casos (59,2 por ciento). En el resto de las variables estudiadas no se encontró asociación estadística que discriminara entre ambos grupos


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Dogs , Echinococcosis , Epidemiologic Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Age Distribution , Case-Control Studies , Chile , Dogs/parasitology , Educational Status , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Taenia/pathogenicity
17.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(2): 143-7, feb. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194811

ABSTRACT

The adverse effects of cocaine use mainly occur in the heart and cebtral nervous system. To study the effects of cocaine base paste consumption on the cardiovascular system, 35 chronic cocaine base paste consumers, 26 males, aged 15 to 43 years old were studied. A clinical assessment and a resting EKG were performed. Results were compared with those of 82 healthy controls. Sixty percent of cocaine consumers had EKG abnormalities, compared with 43 percent of controls. Forty one percent of cocaine users and 33 percent of controls had a prolonged QTc. Likewise, 36 percent of cocaine users and 46 percent of controls had an incomplete right bundle branch block. Among cocaine users, an active nodal rhythm, an ischemic and a QS anteroseptal image were observed. A slightly higher frequency of EKG abnormalities were observed in chronic cocaine users, when compared with healthy controls


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Cocaine/adverse effects , Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Case-Control Studies , Electrocardiography/methods
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(11): 1385-9, nov. 1996.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194510

ABSTRACT

Treatment of human hydatidosis is surgical. Lately, however, surgical indications have decreased, due to pharmacological therapy and ultrasound-guided percutaneous cyst puncture, aspiration of this contents, instillation of medications and reaspiration. As a general rule, surgical treatment is indicated in cysts larger than 10 cm and located in extra abdominal sites, such as thorax, brain or bone. The drug of choice is albendazole, in doses of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day for one month. Three curves with intervals of 15 to 30 days in between, are generally used. Thirty percent of cysts dissapear, 30 to 50 percent experience degenerative changes and 30 to 40 percent do not change. Aspirative needle puncture is used, after four days of albendazole treatment, in those cysts that can be reached percutaneously


Subject(s)
Humans , Echinococcosis, Hepatic/therapy , Praziquantel/administration & dosage , Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage
20.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 67(3): 104-8, jun. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-185108

ABSTRACT

Con el propósito de registrar la aparición de alteraciones electrocardiográficas consideradas sugerentes de miocardiopatía chagásica se realizó un seguimiento clínico, electrocardiográfico y serológico (con reacciones de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, hemaglutinación indirecta y ELISA para enfermedad de Chagas), cada cuatro meses hasta completar un año de seguimiento, en 115 escolares asintomáticos de Combarbalá (IV región de Coquimbo), 55 con evidencia serológica de enfermedad de Chagas y 60 sin ella, de ambos sexos y de 9 a 18 años de edad (media 13,7 años). Los electrocardiogramas mostraron signos incluídos en los criterios de sospecha de miocardiopatía chagásica de la OPS en 22 (40 porciento) de los escolares infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi, aunque todos continuaron asintomáticos por todo el seguimiento. Las alteraciones más frecuentes en ellos fueron prolongación del intervalo QT y bloqueo incompleto de la rama derecha del haz de Hiss. En 7,3 porciento y 6,7 porciento de los escolares infectados y no infectados por TC respectivamente, se detectaron alteraciones electrocardiográficas consideradas no atribuibles a la parasitosis según los criterios empleados. En 91 porciento de los niños infectados y con alteraciones electrocardiográficas sugerentes de cardiopatía chagásica se registró, sin embargo, a lo menos un electrocardiograma normal, en cambio éste estuvo siempre alterado en los niños cuyas anomalías tenían, supuestamente otro origen


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/epidemiology , Chagas Disease/complications , Chagas Disease/epidemiology , Electrocardiography/statistics & numerical data , Heart Diseases/epidemiology
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